资料简介：
“lean manufacturing” as it is known, hasbeen extensively studied since the mid-
1980s. Many companies are now working at
adopting “lean” practices on their shop floors. But,
production is only half the manufacturing problem.
Toyotas’ product development process is just as
innovative and counter-intuitive to traditional
engineering management as lean manufacturing is
to mass production. According to a National Center
for Manufacturing Sciences report, Toyota product
development projects can take half the time of US
equivalents, with four times their productivity (150
product engineers utilised by Toyota per car
programme versus 600 for twice as long at
Chrysler).
As in the early days of the Toyota Production
System (TSP), various approaches and best
practices are vigorously debated in the automotive
industry. From our experience with various suppliers
to Toyota, interviews with Toyota engineers and the
seminal research of Durward Sobek II and James
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